IAS Prelims: General Studies (Ancient Indian History) - Periodisation & Eras
Ancient Indian History
Periodisation of Ancient Indian History
Palaeolithic Age | 5,00,000 B.C. to 10,000 B.C. | (i) Early or lower Palaeolithic Phase (ii) Middle Palaeolithic Phase 50,000 B.C. to 40,000 B.C. (iii) Upper Palaeolithic Phase 40,000 to 10,000 B.C. |
Mesolithic Age | 9,000 B.C. to 4,000 B.C. | |
Neolithic Age | 5,000 B.C. to 1,800 B.C. | |
Chalcolithic Age | 1,800 B.C. to 1,000 B.C. | |
Iron Age | Started from 1,000 B.C. onwards. | |
Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) | 2,900 B.C. to 1,700 B.C. | (i) Early Harappan phase 2,900 B.C. to 2,500 B.C. (ii) Middle Harappan Phase (Mature Harappan Phase) 2,500 to 2,000 B.C. (iii) Late Harappan Phase 2,000 B.C. to 1,700 B.C. |
Vedic Period | 1,500 B.C. to 600 B.C. | |
Pre-Mauryan Age | 6th Century B.C. to 300 A.D. | |
Mauryan Age | 321 B.C. to 184 B.C. | |
Post-Mauryan Age | 200 B.C. to 300 A.D. | |
Gupta Period | 4th Century A.D. to 6th Century A.D. | |
Age of Harsha | 606 A.D. to 647 A.D. | |
Chalukyas of Badami | 543 A.D. to 755 A.D. | |
Pallavas of Kanchipuram | 560 A.D. to 903 A.D. |
Eras of Ancient Indian History
-
The Vikrama Era (56 BC) traditionally founded by a king called Vikramaditya, who dorve the Sakas out of Ujjain and founded the era to celebrate the victory.
- The Saka Era (320 AD) was, according to tradition, founded by a Saka King who occupied Ujjain 137 years after Vikramaditya. This era may in fact have been founded by Kanishka.
- The Gupta Era (320 AD) was probably founded by Chandra Gupta I.
- The Harsha Era (606 AD) was founded by Harshvardhana of Kannauj and was popular in northern India for a century of two after his death.
- The Kalachuri Era (248 AD) was perhaps founded by a small dynasty called the Traikutakas (Trikuta).
- The Laksnmana Era of Bengal (1119 AD): It is said to have been founded by King Lakshmana Sena.
- The Era of the Kaliyuga (3102 BC) was usually used for religious dates and rarely for political events.
- Buddha Era (544 BC) was in use in Ceylon from uncertain date. Often used for religious purpose.
- Era of Mahavira (528 BC): The Jainas use it for religious purpose.
- The Saptarsi of Laukika Era - Used in Kashmir in the Middle ages, and recorded in cycles of one hundred years, each cycle commencing 76 years after each Christian centuary.
- Nevar Era of Nepal (878 AD) was used in Nepal.
- Kollam Era of Kerala (825 AD) was used in Kerala.
- The Era of Vikramaditya VI Chalukya (1075 AD) was used in the early medieval period.
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