Soils Erosion and its control in India

Soil erosion is washing away and removal of the cover of earth. Soil erosion is made effective by course of river wind, pre-monsoon dry wave and by deforestation. Geographically there are three types of soil erosion.

They are:
(i) Run-off erosion: It is due to rills and gullies. The worst affected areas are those of Betwa, Chambal and Ken rivers.
(ii) Sheet-erosion: Sheet erosion is the main problem in Rajasthan where sandy soil is removed by run-off process.
(iii) Splash erosion: Splash erosion is the problem of broad leaf dense forest in the region of M.P. N.E. India and Chotanagpur.

Control over them can be maintained by following measures:
(i) Afforestation programe by planting trees.
(ii) Compensatory forestry programme (1971) to compensate the loss of the forest which took place.
(iii) Mulching programme-moisture of the land is to be maintained.
(iv) Social forestry gives emphasis over forestry on governmental lands and villages.
(v) Bunding scheme in rills and gullies.

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